Signs

Signs to look for:

Signs to listen for:

Feel for:

Paradoxical chest/abdominal movements

Diagram A shows normal inhalation and Diagram B shows paradoxical respiration with bulging of the abdominal cavity and sternal recession with inspiration.

Fig 1

Fig 2 Tracheal tug
Fig 3 Intercostal or supraclavicular recession

Breath sounds and abnormal noises

Obstruction of the upper airway leads to turbulent flow which generates a noise similar to snoring. Complete airway obstruction leads to an absence of breath sounds. Obstruction of the lower airway can cause stridor.

Fig 4 Anaesthetist checking for expired air at nose and mouth