Knowing the contents of the solutions available for IV administration enables their behaviour in the body to be understood.
Table 1 shows the composition of the main colloid fluids used. Note how all have a sodium concentration similar to plasma.
Table 2 shows the composition of the main crystalloid fluids used. All are approximately isosmolar, but their sodium concentrations vary greatly.
Composition of the main crystalloids
(per L, in mmol unless otherwise stated)
|
Blood-based |
Gelatin-based |
Starch-based |
|---|---|---|
|
Natural |
Artificial |
Artificial |
|
Blood Albumin isotonic (details for albumin shown) |
Gelofusine ® Haemaccel ® |
Haesteril ® Hetastarch ® Pentastarch ® Voluven ® |
|
Albumin 45-50 g |
Gelatin 35-40 g |
Starch 60-100 g |
|
Sodium 135-144 |
Sodium 145-154 |
Sodium 154 |
|
Chloride 154 |
Chloride 120-145 |
Chloride 154 |
Table 1 Composition of the main colloids
Composition of the main crystalloids
(per L, in mmol unless otherwise stated)
|
5 % Glucose |
0.9 % Sodium chloride |
0.18 % Sodium chloride / 4 % Glucose |
Hartmann’s solution |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Glucose 50 g |
Sodium 154 |
Sodium 30 |
Sodium 131 |
|
Chloride 154 |
Chloride 30 |
Potassium 5 |
|
|
|
|
Glucose 40 g |
Calcium 2 |
|
|
|
|
Chloride 111 |
|
|
|
|
Lactate 29 |
Table 2 Composition of the main crystalloids