The pharynx is the area common to the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts.

It is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx (Fig 1a).

The larynx bulges posteriorly into the laryngopharynx. Recesses either side of the larynx form the piriform fossae. This is the site where fish bones commonly lodge.

The adenoids, i.e. nasopharyngeal tonsil, are a collection of lymphoid tissue on the roof and posterior wall of the pharynx (Fig 1b). They develop during early childhood and regress at puberty.

Adenoidal hypertrophy may cause obstructive sleep apnoea.

The adenoids may become a site of bleeding following nasal intubation in children.